Brexit - Litigation & Dispute Resolution
Critical issues for businesses to consider:
Dublin as a Dispute Resolution Centre: Ireland is well positioned to benefit from the uncertainty created by Brexit and to become an international hub for dispute resolution. Post-Brexit, Ireland will be the largest common law jurisdiction in the European Union. Ireland will also be the only English speaking Member State. The common law is favoured by many international companies, particularly US companies, for cross-border corporate contracts. This provides Dublin with a significant opportunity to become the go to destination for the resolution of cross-border disputes. The Irish Commercial Court already provides the ideal fast track framework favoured for the resolution of disputes by international businesses.
A significant added advantage of litigating these disputes in Ireland, as opposed to in the UK post-Brexit, is that membership of the EU provides a legislative framework for the seamless issuing of proceedings and enforcement of judgments against other companies based within the EU.
The recognition of Ireland as a favourable jurisdiction for international dispute resolution has already commenced with the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) introducing Irish law as an option for parties to its derivative documentation. In July 2018, the ISDA published an Irish law governed version of the ISDA Master Agreement. A key advantage of Irish law governed Master Agreements is that judgments relating to such agreements will retain the right to automatic recognition by other EU Member States. This provides certainty for parties involved in derivative transactions following the UK’s departure from the EU. The Irish law governed ISDA Master Agreement shows that industries are already preparing to use alternative jurisdictions for the resolution of disputes post-Brexit with Ireland clearly at the forefront of their planning.
Suing or being sued in the UK: Ireland’s membership of the European Union provides significant benefits for cross-border litigation including the recognition of judgments in other member states and the relative ease of serving proceedings in other EU member states. Post-Brexit, the UK will not be able to avail of these helpful EU regulations.
As such, the position regarding proceedings issued in the UK post-Brexit is uncertain. If the UK is not invited to agree to the Lugano Convention on jurisdiction and enforcement of judgements (which requires the support of EU member states to join) it will be more difficult to enforce a UK judgment in another jurisdiction in the EU. The UK’s invitation to agree to the Lugano Convention will depend on the final agreement on the terms of the UK’s exit from the EU, but until such time as that is clarified, it is likely to result in additional uncertainty in relation to the enforcement of a UK judgements in other member states post-Brexit.
Arbitration: London has been the dominant choice of seat for international arbitrations. According to a recent survey undertaken by Queen Mary University of London1, London was the most favoured arbitral seat securing a 45% share of the market. Factors such as (i) reputation and recognition of the arbitral seat (ii) law governing the substance of the dispute and (iii) particularities of the contract/type of dispute, contributed to London’s dominance in this area.
The factors which commend the English legal system to international arbitration can also be found in the Irish legal system, with comparable legal precedents in both jurisdictions. The Irish legal infrastructure offers parties the same neutrality and impartiality afforded by the UK legal system, making it an attractive forum to undertake international arbitration after Brexit.
Ireland has a long history of arbitration and adopted the UNICTRAL Model Law in the Arbitration Act 2010. Importantly, Irish Courts acknowledge arbitration clauses in contracts and will give effect to them2. Since June 2018, the High Court of Ireland has designated Mr Justice David Barniville as the Arbitration Judge to hear all arbitration related matters in the High Court.
Ireland is also signatory to the New York, Geneva and Washington Conventions meaning that international arbitral awards will be recognised and enforced, save in certain instances such as where the arbitral award deals with issues not covered under the disputed contract3.
Post-Brexit, Ireland will be a credible alternative seat for many international arbitrations. In addition, Ireland’s pro-arbitration framework and specialist High Court judge makes it an attractive jurisdiction for the enforcement of international arbitral awards.
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1 http://www.arbitration.qmul.ac.uk/media/arbitration/docs/2015_International_Arbitration_Survey.pdf
2 K&J Townmore Construction Ltd –v- Kildare and Wicklow Educational and Training Board, [2018] IEHC 770
3 Article 36 of the UNICTRAL Model Law
